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Astronomers Discover Runaway Galaxies

April 24, 2015 By Joe Hennessey Leave a Comment

1

These elliptical and compact galaxies have been escaping their home clusters after interacting with larger galaxies.

Scientists know of about runaway stars and have discovered one runaway star cluster. Now, astronomers have found 11 runaway galaxies that have been thrown out of their homes and wonder around intergalactic space.

“These galaxies are facing a lonely future, exiled from the galaxy clusters they used to live in,” explained astronomer Igor Chilingarian from the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics/Moscow State University.

An object is considered runaway if it’s movement is faster than the escape velocity, which implies that it will leave its home never to return. Runaway stars reach speeds of a million mph, while a runaway galaxy has to move even faster, going at up to 6 million mph.

Chilingarian and Ivan Zolotukhin from the L’Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planetologie at Moscow State University tried initially to find new members of a class of galaxies named compact ellipticals. These small blobs of stars are larger than star clusters but have lesser sizes than a normal galaxy, with a span of a few hundred light-years. In comparison, the Milky Way is more than 100,000 light-years across. Compact ellipticals are also 1,000 times lighter than a galaxy like our Milky Way.

Prior to this research, only around 30 compact elliptical galaxies were found, all of them being in galaxy clusters. To find new examples, Chilingarian and Zolotukhin went through public archives of data collected by GALEX satellite and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey.

In their quest the two astronomers identified almost 200 new compact ellipticals. Of those, 11 were extremely isolated and located far from any large galaxy or even galaxy clusters.

“The first compact ellipticals were all found in clusters because that’s where people were looking. We broadened our search and found the unexpected,” explained Zolotukhin.

These isolated and compact galaxies were not expected because scientists believed they came from larger galaxies that had lost most of their stars after interacting with an even larger galaxy. Therefore, the compact galaxies should be located near big galaxies.

Not only were the new compact ellipticals very isolated, but also they were travelling faster through space than the runaway clusters.

A hypervelocity star, which is a very fast star, can be created if a binary star system gets very close to a black hole from the center of our galaxy. One star is captured by the black hole while the other one is thrown away at incredible speeds.

Image Source: Australian Teacher

Filed Under: Tech & Science Tagged With: astronomers, runaway galaxies, search, star, universe

What Is The ”Supervoid”, The Biggest Thing in The Universe

April 21, 2015 By Matthew Slotkin Leave a Comment

1

Scientists discovered the most enigmatic components of modern cosmology, the the cosmic microwave background (CMB) Cold Spot, which lies at the furthest-most reaches of the observable universe.

Found in 2004, this strange space object has been the focus of many hypotheses and theories. Some believe it might be the presence of another universe. Others think it is an instrumental error. In a recent study, astronomers may have discovered strong evidence about the origin of the Cold Spot’s and, according to the the new theory, the multiverse hypothesis is not required.

When the Cold Spot was first discovered by NASA’s Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP), scientists rapidly realized that the feature is the greatest structure ever observed in the cosmos. But with just one space telescope taking all the measurements, a fear that something like instrumental error could be responsible.

The European Planck telescope, which was also launched to analyze slight temperature changes in the CMB, also observed the Cold Spot. Despite some beliefs that the space object could be an error which comes up because our statistical analysis methods are flawed, the general hypothesis is that the Cold Spot is real.

One of the most extreme hypotheses that gives an explanation for the Cold Spot is focused around the multiverse. Derived from superstring theory, the multiverse suggests that our universe is just one of a number universes in a soup of universes. The Cold Spot could be one of the neighboring universes which squeezing up against our own.

the multiverse theory is one of the more extreme cosmological thoughts, but there are also other explanations for the Cold Spot. One such idea that now appears to have gained popularity is that of the presence of a “supervoid” in the universe between us and the Cold Spot.

This supervoid is immense, being almost 1.8 billion light-years wide. This vast supervoid is the largest structure ever discovered by humanity.

István Szapudi of the Institute for Astronomy at the University of Hawaii at Manoa and his team have found, through the combination of data collected by Hawaii’s Pan-STARRS1 (PS1) telescope from Haleakala, Maui, and NASA’s Wide Field Survey Explorer (WISE) satellite, “the largest individual structure ever identified by humanity”. According to the researchers, this structure might be behind the creation of the anomalous Cold Spot.

Image Source: NBC News

Filed Under: Tech & Science Tagged With: cold spot, scientists, space, supervoid, universe

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